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You can keep track of all your in-progress assignments. For example, if an automated udev rule exists for net-persistence :. Enable the serial console. This enables you to troubleshoot the instance when it is running on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. Remove the resume setting from the kernel parameters. This setting slows down boot time significantly. This configures use of the serial console instead of a graphical terminal.
This configures the serial connection. This adds the serial console to the Linux kernel boot parameters. To verify the changes, reboot the machine and run the dmesg command to look for the updated kernel parameters.
Enable paravirtualized device support. You do this by adding the virtio drivers to the initrd for the VM. This procedure works only on machines with a Linux kernel of version 3. Check that the VM is running a supported kernel:. Use the dracut tool to rebuild initrd. Add the qemu module, as follows:. Verify that the virtio drivers are now present in initrd. For more information about importing a custom Linux image into Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, see also:. In the Source drop-down list, select Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.
Choose the required cloud instance from the list in the Machines field. Click Import to import the instance from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. The following describes the sequence of events when you import an instance from Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. The custom image is exported to an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure object and is stored using Object Storage in the bucket specified by the user. The Oracle Cloud Infrastructure object is downloaded to the local host. Using a custom image means that you can quickly create cloud instances without having to upload your image to the cloud service every time.
Perform the following steps to create a new cloud instance on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure:. From the Destination drop-down list, select Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. In the Images list, select from the custom images available on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. For example, you can edit the Disk Size and Shape used for the VM instance and the networking configuration. Click Create to create the new cloud instance. Monitor the instance creation process by using the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console.
You can also use the VBoxManage cloud instance command to create and manage instances on a cloud service. This section includes some examples of how VBoxManage commands can be used to integrate with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and perform common cloud operations. For more details about the available commands for cloud operations, see Section 8.
The Global Settings dialog can be displayed using the File menu, by clicking the Preferences item. This dialog offers a selection of settings, most of which apply to all virtual machines of the current user. The Extensions option applies to the entire system. Enables the user to specify the Host key. The Host key is also used to trigger certain VM actions, see Section 1.
Enables the user to specify various settings for Automatic Updates. Enables the user to specify the GUI language. Enables the user to specify the screen resolution, and its width and height. A default scale factor can be specified for all guest screens. Enables the user to configure the details of NAT networks. See Section 6. Enables the user to list and manage the installed extension packages. As briefly mentioned in Section 1.
For example, you can start a virtual machine with the VirtualBox Manager window and then stop it from the command line. This is the VirtualBox Manager, a graphical user interface that uses the Qt toolkit. This interface is described throughout this manual. While this is the simplest and easiest front-end to use, some of the more advanced Oracle VM VirtualBox features are not included. As opposed to the other graphical interfaces, the headless front-end requires no graphics support.
This is useful, for example, if you want to host your virtual machines on a headless Linux server that has no X Window system installed. If the above front-ends still do not satisfy your particular needs, it is possible to create yet another front-end to the complex virtualization engine that is the core of Oracle VM VirtualBox, as the Oracle VM VirtualBox core neatly exposes all of its features in a clean API.
Oracle VM VirtualBox provides a soft keyboard that enables you to input keyboard characters on the guest. A soft keyboard is an on-screen keyboard that can be used as an alternative to a physical keyboard.
For best results, ensure that the keyboard layout configured on the guest OS matches the keyboard layout used by the soft keyboard. Oracle VM VirtualBox does not do this automatically. When the physical keyboard on the host is not the same as the keyboard layout configured on the guest.
For example, if the guest is configured to use an international keyboard, but the host keyboard is US English. To send special key combinations to the guest. Note that some common key combinations are also available in the Input , Keyboard menu of the guest VM window.
When using nested virtualization, the soft keyboard provides a method of sending key presses to a guest. By default, the soft keyboard includes some common international keyboard layouts. You can copy and modify these to meet your own requirements. The name of the current keyboard layout is displayed in the task bar of the soft keyboard window.
This is the previous keyboard layout that was used. Click the Layout List icon in the task bar of the soft keyboard window. The Layout List window is displayed. Select the required keyboard layout from the entries in the Layout List window. The keyboard display graphic is updated to show the available input keys. Modifier keys such as Shift, Ctrl, and Alt are available on the soft keyboard. Click once to select the modifier key, click twice to lock the modifier key.
The Reset the Keyboard and Release All Keys icon can be used to release all pressed modifier keys, both on the host and the guest. To change the look of the soft keyboard, click the Settings icon in the task bar.
You can change colors used in the keyboard graphic, and can hide or show sections of the keyboard, such as the NumPad or multimedia keys. You can use one of the supplied default keyboard layouts as the starting point to create a custom keyboard layout. To permananently save a custom keyboard layout, you must save it to file. Otherwise, any changes you make are discarded when you close down the Soft Keyboard window.
Custom keyboard layouts that you save are stored as an XML file on the host, in the keyboardLayouts folder in the global configuration data directory. Highlight the required layout and click the Copy the Selected Layout icon. A new layout entry with a name suffix of -Copy is created.
Edit keys in the new layout. Click on the key that you want to edit and enter new key captions in the Captions fields. Optional Save the layout to file.
This means that your custom keyboard layout will be available for future use. Any custom layouts that you create can later be removed from the Layout List, by highlighting and clicking the Delete the Selected Layout icon. For the various versions of Windows that are supported as host operating systems, please refer to Section 1.
In addition, Windows Installer must be present on your system. This should be the case for all supported Windows platforms. This will extract the installer into a temporary directory, along with the.
MSI file. Run the following command to perform the installation:. Using either way displays the installation Welcome dialog and enables you to choose where to install Oracle VM VirtualBox, and which components to install. USB support. This enables your VM's virtual network cards to be accessed from other machines on your physical network. Python support.
For this to work, an already working Windows Python installation on the system is required. Python version at least 2. Python 3 is also supported. Depending on your Windows configuration, you may see warnings about unsigned drivers, or similar. The installer will create an Oracle VM VirtualBox group in the Windows Start menu, which enables you to launch the application and access its documentation.
If this is not wanted, you must invoke the installer by first extracting as follows:. Then, run either of the following commands on the extracted. The following features are available:. This feature must not be absent, since it contains the minimum set of files to have working Oracle VM VirtualBox installation. All networking support. For example, to only install USB support along with the main binaries, run either of the following commands:.
For some legacy Windows versions, the installer will automatically select the NDIS5 driver and this cannot be changed. Use either of the following commands:. Set to 1 to enable, 0 to disable. Default is 1. Specifies whether or not the file extensions. Perform the following steps to install on a Mac OS X host:. Double-click on the dmg file, to mount the contents.
A window opens, prompting you to double-click on the VirtualBox. To uninstall Oracle VM VirtualBox, open the disk image dmg file and double-click on the uninstall icon shown. To perform a non-interactive installation of Oracle VM VirtualBox you can use the command line version of the installer application.
Mount the dmg disk image file, as described in the installation procedure, or use the following command line:. For the various versions of Linux that are supported as host operating systems, see Section 1. You may need to install the following packages on your Linux system before starting the installation. SDL 1. This graphics library is typically called libsdl or similar.
These packages are only required if you want to run the Oracle VM VirtualBox graphical user interfaces.
In order to run other operating systems in virtual machines alongside your main operating system, Oracle VM VirtualBox needs to integrate very tightly with your system. To do this it installs a driver module called vboxdrv into the system kernel.
The kernel is the part of the operating system which controls your processor and physical hardware. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox Manager to configure virtual machines, but they will not start. Network drivers called vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp are also installed.
They enable virtual machines to make more use of your computer's network capabilities and are needed for any virtual machine networking beyond the basic NAT mode. Since distributing driver modules separately from the kernel is not something which Linux supports well, the Oracle VM VirtualBox install process creates the modules on the system where they will be used.
This means that you may need to install some software packages from the distribution which are needed for the build process. Required packages may include the following:. Also ensure that all system updates have been installed and that your system is running the most up-to-date kernel for the distribution. The running kernel and the kernel header files must be updated to matching versions. The following list includes some details of the required files for some common distributions.
Start by finding the version name of your kernel, using the command uname -r in a terminal. The list assumes that you have not changed too much from the original installation, in particular that you have not installed a different kernel type. With Debian and Ubuntu-based distributions, you must install the correct version of the linux-headers , usually whichever of linux-headers-generic , linux-headers-amd64 , linux-headers-i or linux-headers-ipae best matches the kernel version name.
Also, the linux-kbuild package if it exists. Basic Ubuntu releases should have the correct packages installed by default. On Fedora, Red Hat, Oracle Linux and many other RPM-based systems, the kernel version sometimes has a code of letters or a word close to the end of the version name.
For example "uek" for the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel or "default" or "desktop" for the standard kernels. In this case, the package name is kernel-uek-devel or equivalent. If there is no such code, it is usually kernel-devel. If you suspect that something has gone wrong with module installation, check that your system is set up as described above and try running the following command, as root:.
See your system documentation for details of the kernel module signing process. Oracle VM VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition, there is an alternative generic installer. Download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following example assumes that you are installing to a bit Ubuntu Xenial system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package,as follows:.
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel headers, see Section 2. After correcting any problems, run the following command:. If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will attempt to load that module.
If this fails, please see Section Once Oracle VM VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by clicking VirtualBox in your Start menu or from the command line. Creates a new system group called vboxusers. The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter. Or if you do not have the sudo command available, run the following as root instead:. Either use the OS user management tools or run the following command as root:.
The usermod command of some older Linux distributions does not support the -a option, which adds the user to the given group without affecting membership of other groups.
In this case, find out the current group memberships with the groups command and add all these groups in a comma-separated list to the command line after the -G option. For example: usermod -G group1 , group2 ,vboxusers username. If you cannot use the shell script installer described in Section 2. Run the installer as follows:. This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory.
To build the module, change to the directory and use the following command:. If everything builds correctly, run the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:. In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and run the following command:. The above make command will tell you how to create the device node, depending on your Linux system. On certain Linux distributions, you might experience difficulties building the module.
You will have to analyze the error messages from the build system to diagnose the cause of the problems. In general, make sure that the correct Linux kernel sources are used for the build process. Next, you install the system initialization script for the kernel module and activate the initialization script using the right method for your distribution, as follows:.
The Debian packages will request some user feedback when installed for the first time. The debconf system is used to perform this task. To prevent any user interaction during installation, default values can be defined. A file vboxconf can contain the following debconf settings:. The first line enables compilation of the vboxdrv kernel module if no module was found for the current kernel. The second line enables the package to delete any old vboxdrv kernel modules compiled by previous installations.
These default settings can be applied prior to the installation of the Oracle VM VirtualBox Debian package, as follows:. In addition there are some common configuration options that can be set prior to the installation. The RPM format does not provide a configuration system comparable to the debconf system.
To configure the installation process for. The automatic generation of the udev rule can be prevented with the following setting:.
If the following line is specified, the package installer will not try to build the vboxdrv kernel module if no module fitting the current kernel was found. The Linux installers create the system user group vboxusers during installation. A user can be made a member of the group vboxusers either by using the desktop user and group tools, or with the following command:.
These are symbolic links to VBox. The following detailed instructions should only be of interest if you wish to execute Oracle VM VirtualBox without installing it first.
You should start by compiling the vboxdrv kernel module and inserting it into the Linux kernel. The daemon is automatically started if necessary. There can be multiple daemon instances under different user accounts and applications can only communicate with the daemon running under the user account as the application.
The local domain socket resides in a subdirectory of your system's directory for temporary files called. In case of communication problems or server startup problems, you may try to remove this directory. For the specific versions of Oracle Solaris that are supported as host operating systems, see Section 1. If you have a previously installed instance of Oracle VM VirtualBox on your Oracle Solaris host, please uninstall it first before installing a new instance.
The installation must be performed as root and from the global zone. This is because the Oracle VM VirtualBox installer loads kernel drivers, which cannot be done from non-global zones. To verify which zone you are currently in, execute the zonename command.
The installer will then prompt you to enter the package you wish to install. Choose 1 or all and proceed. Next the installer will ask you if you want to allow the postinstall script to be executed. Choose y and proceed, as it is essential to execute this script which installs the Oracle VM VirtualBox kernel module. Following this confirmation the installer will install Oracle VM VirtualBox and execute the postinstall setup script. Once the postinstall script has been executed your installation is now complete.
You may now safely delete the uncompressed package and autoresponse files from your system. A user can be made a member of this group either by using the desktop user and group tools or by running the following command as root:.
Note that adding an active user to the vboxuser group will require the user to log out and then log in again. This should be done manually after successful installation of the package. Using the links provided is easier as you do not have to enter the full path. To perform the uninstallation, start a root terminal session and run the following command:. To perform a non-interactive installation of Oracle VM VirtualBox there is a response file named autoresponse.
The installer uses this for responses to inputs, rather than prompting the user. Extract the tar. Then open a root terminal session and run the following command:. To perform a non-interactive uninstallation, open a root terminal session and run the following command:. This is done by performing the following steps. Start a root terminal and run the following command:. Use zonecfg to add the device resource and match properties to the zone, as follows:. This is specified below using the dir attribute and the special attribute.
Reboot the zone using zoneadm and you should be able to run Oracle VM VirtualBox from within the configured zone. You have considerable latitude when deciding what virtual hardware to provide to the guest. Use virtual hardware to communicate with the host system or with other guests. For example, you can use virtual hardware in the following ways:.
Provide a guest system access to the physical network through its virtual network card. Provide the host system, other guests, and computers on the Internet access to the guest system.
Because Oracle VM VirtualBox is designed to provide a generic virtualization environment for x86 systems, it can run guest operating systems OSes of any kind. Platforms With Full Support. See Table 3. Platforms With Limited Support. Therefore, resolution of customer issues is not guaranteed. Note that this feature is experimental and thus unsupported.
Oracle VM VirtualBox is the first product to provide the modern PC architecture expected by OS X without requiring any of the modifications used by competing virtualization solutions.
For example, some competing solutions perform modifications to the Mac OS X install DVDs, such as a different boot loader and replaced files. Be aware of the following important issues before you attempt to install a Mac OS X guest:. Mac OS X is commercial, licensed software and contains both license and technical restrictions that limit its use to certain hardware and usage scenarios.
You must understand and comply with these restrictions. These license restrictions are also enforced on a technical level. Mac OS X verifies that it is running on Apple hardware. Most DVDs that accompany Apple hardware check for the exact model.
Only CPUs that are known and tested by Apple are supported. The Mac OS X installer expects the hard disk to be partitioned. So, the installer will not offer a partition selection to you. Before you can install the software successfully, start the Disk Utility from the Tools menu and partition the hard disk. Close the Disk Utility and proceed with the installation. See Chapter 14, Known Limitations. This is especially true for bit Windows VMs. You only need to provide the installation medium and a few other parameters, such as the name of the default user.
Create a new VM. Use one of the following methods:. The VirtualBox Manager, see Section 1. The VBoxManage createvm command, see Section 8. The following sections in this chapter describe how to change the settings for a VM. Prepare the VM for unattended guest installation. Use the VBoxManage unattended command, see Section 8. Start the VM. When you start the VM, the unattended installation is performed automatically.
The installation operation changes the boot device order to boot the virtual hard disk first and then the virtual DVD drive. If the virtual hard disk is empty prior to the automatic installation, the VM boots from the virtual DVD drive and begins the installation. If the virtual hard disk contains a bootable OS, the installation operation exits.
Section 3. The following example shows how to perform an unattended guest installation for an Oracle Linux VM. Create a SATA storage controller and attach the virtual hard disk. Specifies a login name, full name, and login password for a default user on the guest OS. Note that the specified password is also used for the root user account on the guest.
Oracle VM VirtualBox virtualizes nearly all hardware of the host. Depending on a VM's configuration, the guest will see the following virtual hardware:.
Input devices. These devices are supported by most guest OSes. Oracle VM VirtualBox emulates the most common types of hard disk controllers. Whereas supporting only one of these controllers would be enough for Oracle VM VirtualBox by itself, this multitude of storage adapters is required for compatibility with other hypervisors.
Windows is very selective about its boot devices, and migrating VMs between hypervisors is very difficult or impossible if the storage controllers are different. Note that for some legacy Windows guests, third party drivers must be installed for xHCI support. The emulated USB controllers do not communicate directly with devices on the host.
In the Settings window, under General , you can configure the most fundamental aspects of the virtual machine such as memory and essential hardware. The following tabs are available. In the Basic tab of the General settings category, you can find these settings:. As a result, you can only use characters which are allowed for file names on your host OS. You can display these using the VBoxManage commands. This is the same setting that is specified in the New Virtual Machine wizard.
Whereas the default settings of a newly created VM depend on the selected OS type, changing the type later has no effect on VM settings. This value is purely informational and decorative. The following settings are available in the Advanced tab:. See Section With this setting, you can specify any other folder for each VM. Shared Clipboard: You can select here whether the clipboard of the guest OS should be shared with that of your host. If you select Bidirectional , then Oracle VM VirtualBox will always make sure that both clipboards contain the same data.
In such a case, this setting has no effect. For security reasons, the shared clipboard is disabled by default. This setting can be changed at any time using the Shared Clipboard menu item in the Devices menu of the virtual machine.
Drag and Drop: This setting enables support for drag and drop. Select an object, such as a file, from the host or guest and directly copy or open it on the guest or host. Multiple drag and drop modes for a VM enable restricting of access in either direction. For drag and drop to work the Guest Additions need to be installed on the guest.
Drag and drop is disabled by default. This setting can be changed at any time using the Drag and Drop menu item in the Devices menu of the virtual machine. On the Description tab you can enter a description for your virtual machine. This has no effect on the functionality of the machine, but you may find this space useful to note down things such as the configuration of a virtual machine and the software that has been installed into it.
The Disk Encryption tab enables you to encrypt disks that are attached to the virtual machine. To enable disk encryption, select the Enable Disk Encryption check box. Settings are available to configure the cipher used for encryption and the encryption password.
All files related to the virtual machine except disk images are stored unencrypted. The System category groups various settings that are related to the basic hardware that is presented to the virtual machine. As the activation mechanism of Microsoft Windows is sensitive to hardware changes, if you are changing hardware settings for a Windows guest, some of these changes may trigger a request for another activation with Microsoft.
On the Motherboard tab, you can configure virtual hardware that would normally be on the motherboard of a real computer. The specified amount of memory will be requested from the host OS, so it must be available or made available as free memory on the host when attempting to start the VM and will not be available to the host while the VM is running. This is the same setting that was specified in the New Virtual Machine wizard, as described in Section 1.
Generally, it is possible to change the memory size after installing the guest OS. But you must not reduce the memory to an amount where the OS would no longer boot. Boot Order: Determines the order in which the guest OS will attempt to boot from the various virtual boot devices. This needs to be configured in detail on the command line. Chipset: You can select which chipset will be presented to the virtual machine.
PIIX3 is the default chipset for most guests. Using the ICH9 chipset it is also possible to configure up to 36 network cards, compared to a maximum of eight network adapters with PIIX3. Using the virtual USB tablet has the advantage that movements are reported in absolute coordinates, instead of as relative position changes. This enables Oracle VM VirtualBox to translate mouse events over the VM window into tablet events without having to "capture" the mouse in the guest as described in Section 1.
This makes using the VM less tedious even if Guest Additions are not installed. It is also required if you want to use more than one virtual CPU in a virtual machine. Turning it on after installation will have no effect however.
ACPI is the current industry standard to allow OSes to recognize hardware, configure motherboards and other devices and manage power. ACPI can only be turned off using the command line. However, turning it on after installation will have no effect. On the Processor tab, you can configure settings for the CPU used by the virtual machine. You should not configure virtual machines to use more CPU cores than are available physically.
This includes real cores, with no hyperthreads. Note that limiting the execution time of the virtual CPUs may cause guest timing problems.
A warning is displayed at the bottom of the Processor tab if an Execution Cap setting is made that may affect system performance. This is made possible by adding another 4 bits to memory addresses, so that with 36 bits, up to 64 GB can be addressed.
For details, see Section 9. Paravirtualization Interface: Oracle VM VirtualBox provides paravirtualization interfaces to improve time-keeping accuracy and performance of guest OSes. The options available are documented under the --paravirtprovider option in Section 8. For further details on the paravirtualization providers, see Section Hardware Virtualization: You can configure hardware virtualization features for each virtual machine.
For technical details, see Section Advanced users may be interested in technical details about hardware virtualization. In most cases, the default settings on the Acceleration tab will work well.
Oracle VM VirtualBox selects sensible defaults, depending on the OS that you selected when you created the virtual machine. In certain situations, however, you may want to change the preconfigured defaults. Video Memory: Sets the size of the memory provided by the virtual graphics card available to the guest, in MB. As with the main memory, the specified amount will be allocated from the host's resident memory. Based on the amount of video memory, higher resolutions and color depths may be available.
The GUI will show a warning if the amount of video memory is too small to be able to switch the VM into full screen mode. The minimum value depends on the number of virtual monitors, the screen resolution and the color depth of the host display as well as on the use of 3D acceleration and 2D video acceleration.
Extra memory may be required if display acceleration is used. Up to eight such virtual monitors are supported. The output of the multiple monitors are displayed on the host in multiple VM windows which are running side by side.
However, in full screen and seamless mode, they use the available physical monitors attached to the host. As a result, for full screen and seamless modes to work with multiple monitors, you will need at least as many physical monitors as you have virtual monitors configured, or Oracle VM VirtualBox will report an error. Scale Factor: Enables scaling of the display size. For multiple monitor displays, you can set the scale factor for individual monitors, or globally for all of the monitors.
You can set a default scale factor for all VMs. Use the Display tab in the Global Settings dialogs. Graphics Controller: Specifies the graphics adapter type used by the guest VM.
The following options are available:. This is the default graphics controller for Windows versions before Windows 7 and for Oracle Solaris. This is the default graphics controller for Linux guests. None: Does not emulate a graphics adapter type. Enable 3D Acceleration: If a virtual machine has Guest Additions installed, you can select here whether the guest should support accelerated 3D graphics. Enable 2D Video Acceleration: If a virtual machine with Microsoft Windows has Guest Additions installed, you can select here whether the guest should support accelerated 2D video graphics.
This enables you to connect to the console of the virtual machine remotely with any standard RDP viewer, such as mstsc. On Linux and Oracle Solaris systems you can use the standard open source rdesktop program. These features are described in Section 7. Enable Server: Select this check box and configure settings for the remote display connection.
On the Recording tab you can enable video and audio recording for a virtual machine and change related settings. Note that these features can be enabled and disabled while a VM is running.
Enable Recording: Select this check box and select a Recording Mode option. Recording Mode: You can choose to record video, audio, or both video and audio. Some settings on the Recording tab may be grayed out, depending on the Recording Mode setting. File Path: The file where the recording is saved. Frame Size: The video resolution of the recorded video, in pixels.
The drop-down list enables you to select from common frame sizes. Frames that have a higher frequency are skipped. Increasing this value reduces the number of skipped frames and increases the file size. Video Quality: Use the slider to set the the bit rate of the video in kilobits per second. Increasing this value improves the appearance of the video at the cost of an increased file size.
Audio Quality: Use the slider to set the quality of the audio recording. Increasing this value improves the audio quality at the cost of an increased file size. Screens: For a multiple monitor display, you can select which screens to record video from. As you adjust the video and audio recording settings, the approximate output file size for a five minute video is shown. In a real computer, so-called storage controllers connect physical disk drives to the rest of the computer.
If you have used the Create VM wizard to create a machine, you will normally see something like the following:. Depending on the guest OS type that you selected when you created the VM, a new VM includes the following storage devices:. IDE controller. SATA controller. This is a modern type of storage controller for higher hard disk data throughput, to which the virtual hard disks are attached.
Initially you will normally have one such virtual disk, but as shown in the previous screenshot, you can have more than one. Each is represented by a disk image file, such as a VDI file in this example.
This might also apply if you selected an older OS type when you created the VM. Oracle VM VirtualBox also provides a floppy controller. You cannot add devices other than floppy drives to this controller. You can modify these media attachments freely. For example, if you wish to copy some files from another virtual disk that you created, you can connect that disk as a second hard disk, as in the above screenshot. You can then either select Optical Drive or Hard Disk.
If you clicked on a floppy controller, you can add a floppy drive instead. Alternatively, right-click on the storage controller and select a menu item there. A dialog is displayed, enabling you to select an existing disk image file or to create a new disk image file.
Most commonly, you will select this option when installing an OS from an ISO file that you have obtained from the Internet. For example, most Linux distributions are available in this way. Depending on the type of disk image, you can set the following Attributes for the disk image in the right part of the Storage settings page:.
The device slot of the controller that the virtual disk is connected to. IDE controllers have four slots: primary device 0, primary device 1, secondary device 0, and secondary device 1. Solid-state Drive presents a virtual disk to the guest as a solid-state device. Hot-pluggable presents a virtual disk to the guest as a hot-pluggable device.
This means that the virtual optical disk is not removed from when the guest system ejects it. To remove an attachment , either select it and click on the Remove icon at the bottom, or right-click on it and select the menu item.
Since the Settings dialog is not available at that time, you can also access these settings from the Devices menu of your virtual machine window. The Audio section in a virtual machine's Settings window determines whether the VM will detect a connected sound card, and if the audio output should be played on the host system.
To enable audio for a guest, select the Enable Audio check box. The following settings are available:. On newer Linux distributions, the PulseAudio subsystem is preferred. The Network section in a virtual machine's Settings window enables you to configure how Oracle VM VirtualBox presents virtual network cards to your VM, and how they operate.
This way the guest can connect to the outside world using the host's networking and the outside world can connect to services on the guest which you choose to make visible outside of the virtual machine. It supports many virtual network cards per virtual machine. The first four virtual network cards can be configured in detail in the VirtualBox Manager window. Additional network cards can be configured using the VBoxManage command.
Many networking options are available. See Chapter 6, Virtual Networking for more information. Serial ports were commonly used with modems, and some computer mice used to be connected to serial ports before USB became commonplace. While serial ports are no longer as common as they used to be, there are still some important uses left for them. For example, serial ports can be used to set up a primitive network over a null-modem cable, in case Ethernet is not available.
Also, serial ports are indispensable for system programmers needing to do kernel debugging, since kernel debugging software usually interacts with developers over a serial port.
With virtual serial ports, system programmers can do kernel debugging on a virtual machine instead of needing a real computer to connect to. Both receiving and transmitting data is supported. How this virtual serial port is then connected to the host is configurable, and the details depend on your host OS. You can use either the Settings tabs or the VBoxManage command to set up virtual serial ports. For the latter, see Section 8.
You can configure up to four virtual serial ports per virtual machine. For each device, you must set the following:. Port Number: This determines the serial port that the virtual machine should see. For best results, use the traditional values as follows:.
You can also configure a user-defined serial port. Port Mode: What the virtual port is connected to. For each virtual serial port, you have the following options:.
Disconnected: The guest will see the device, but it will behave as if no cable had been connected to it. Host Device: Connects the virtual serial port to a physical serial port on your host. On a Windows host, this will be a name like COM1. Oracle VM VirtualBox will then simply redirect all data received from and sent to the virtual serial port to the physical device. This depends on your host OS, as follows:. On a Windows host, data will be sent and received through a named pipe.
The socket filename must be chosen such that the user running Oracle VM VirtualBox has sufficient privileges to create and write to it. On Linux there are various tools which can connect to a local domain socket or create one in server mode.
The most flexible tool is socat and is available as part of many distributions. In this case, you can configure whether Oracle VM VirtualBox should create the named pipe, or the local domain socket non-Windows hosts, itself or whether Oracle VM VirtualBox should assume that the pipe or socket exists already.
With the VBoxManage command-line options, this is referred to as server mode or client mode, respectively. For a direct connection between two virtual machines, corresponding to a null-modem cable, simply configure one VM to create a pipe or socket and another to attach to it. Raw File: Send the virtual serial port output to a file.
This option is very useful for capturing diagnostic output from a guest. Any file may be used for this purpose, as long as the user running Oracle VM VirtualBox has sufficient privileges to create and write to the file. This option enables a remote machine to directly connect to the guest's serial port using TCP.
This is typically 23 or Note that on UNIX-like systems you will have to use a port a number greater than for regular users. Up to four serial ports can be configured per virtual machine, but you can pick any port numbers out of the above. However, serial ports cannot reliably share interrupts. As soon as the guest system starts using a USB device, it will appear as unavailable on the host. Be careful with USB devices that are currently in use on the host. For example, if you allow your guest to connect to your USB hard disk that is currently mounted on the host, when the guest is activated, it will be disconnected from the host without a proper shutdown.
This may cause data loss. Oracle Solaris hosts have a few known limitations regarding USB support. For this, you can create filters by specifying certain properties of the USB device. USB devices with a matching filter will be automatically passed to the guest once they are attached to the host.
USB devices without a matching filter can be passed manually to the guest, for example by using the Devices , USB menu. You can give the filter a name, for later reference, and specify the filter criteria. The more criteria you specify, the more precisely devices will be selected. For instance, if you specify only a vendor ID of d, all devices produced by Logitech will be available to the guest.
If you fill in all fields, on the other hand, the filter will only apply to a particular device model from a particular vendor, and not even to other devices of the same type with a different revision and serial number. Vendor and Product ID. Similarly, each line of products is assigned a product ID number. Both numbers are commonly written in hexadecimal, and a colon separates the vendor from the product ID.
Alternatively, you can also specify Manufacturer and Product by name. To list all the USB devices that are connected to your host machine with their respective vendor IDs and product IDs, use the following command:.
On Linux, you can use the lsusb command. Serial Number. While vendor ID and product ID are quite specific to identify USB devices, if you have two identical devices of the same brand and product line, you will also need their serial numbers to filter them out correctly. This setting specifies whether the device will be local only, remote only, such as over VRDP, or either. On a Windows host, you will need to unplug and reconnect a USB device to use it after creating a filter for it.
As an example, you could create a new USB filter and specify a vendor ID of d for Logitech, Inc, a manufacturer index of 1, and "not remote". Then any USB devices on the host system produced by Logitech, Inc with a manufacturer index of 1 will be visible to the guest system. Several filters can select a single device.
For example, a filter which selects all Logitech devices, and one which selects a particular webcam. You can deactivate filters without deleting them by deselecting the check box next to the filter name. On Windows hosts, a kernel mode device driver provides USB proxy support.
System reboots are not necessary after installing the driver. When Oracle VM VirtualBox is installed, these are made available to all users in the vboxusers system group.
In order to be able to access USB from guest systems, make sure that you are a member of this group. Shared folders enable you to easily exchange data between a virtual machine and your host. The User Interface section enables you to change certain aspects of the user interface of this VM. Menu Bar: This widget enables you to disable menus by clicking on the menu to release it, menu entries by deselecting the check box of the entry to disable it and the complete menu bar by deselecting the rightmost check box.
Mini ToolBar: In full screen or seamless mode, Oracle VM VirtualBox can display a small toolbar that contains some of the items that are normally available from the virtual machine's menu bar. This toolbar reduces itself to a small gray line unless you move the mouse over it. With the toolbar, you can return from full screen or seamless mode, control machine execution or enable certain devices. If you do not want to see the toolbar, disable this setting. The second setting enables you to show the toolbar at the top of the screen, instead of showing it at the bottom.
Status Bar: This widget enables you to disable icons on the status bar by deselecting the check box of an icon to disable it, to rearrange icons by dragging and dropping the icon, and to disable the complete status bar by deselecting the leftmost check box. Alternatively, use the VBoxManage command line interface as follows:. More recent Linux versions and Windows releases, starting with Vista, also offer special versions that can be booted using EFI.
Oracle VM VirtualBox provides a configuration option to control the graphics resolution for both interfaces, making the difference mostly irrelevant for users. The default resolution is x
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